What are the major problems with [Ubuntu] OS?
TLDR: Ubuntu is a Linux distribution, and as such the “major” problems will be similar to those you run into with any Linux distribution. As far as the average user is concerned, this basically boils down to lack of proprietary software support and potential driver issues (not as much of a problem as it has been in the past). That said, if you are looking for a Linux distribution to start with, Ubuntu is not a bad choice as its popularity means there’s a lot of online support.
Ubuntu is perhaps the most well known Linux distribution and seems to still be widely used. However, all Linux users make up about 2% of desktop computer users meaning that not a lot of proprietary software companies make Linux versions of their software. You won’t find MS Office, Adobe Photoshop or Premier, or many games (Steam has improved this, but there is still a long way to go). So, if you need some proprietary software, do your research to see if it is available for Linux, or can be run in Wine easily (a lot of Wine installations require a good bit of work).
There are open source alternatives, like LibreOffice, The GIMP, and KDEnlive that may be able to meet your needs. However, LibreOffice may not work well if you need to edit documents collaboratively with others who are using MS Office, and most people seem to say that The GIMP is not a replacement for Photoshop and nothing can replace Premier (I cannot say one way or the other as I am not a photo/video professional).
The other potentially major problem is that there is a small chance you will have some driver issues. I say small, because most of the mainstream distributions have really good driver support these days. For example, I recently did a clean install of Fedora 27 on my laptop and was able to get my NVidia Optimus setup working with proprietary drivers by copying and pasting a few commands from Bumblebee - Fedora Project Wiki into a terminal window (NOTE: Don’t go copying and pasting commands into terminal windows without understanding what those commands do first). Then I installed my HP Envy 4520 wireless printer by clicking a few buttons in the GUI settings app (this printer is actually far easier to setup in Linux than Windows 10).
However, you still hear the occasional tail of wireless card drivers not working, and the SD card reader on my laptop is finicky, but I don’t use it, so it’s not a problem for me. You can check if your hardware will be support by booting a live USB OS image before installing anything to your hard drive. Once booted, make sure you can connect to the internet, plug in USB devices, and get audio playback. If something seems to not work, you can do a Google search to see if there is a fix, and if there is, you can see how difficult it may to be apply said fix.
Those are what I would consider the major issues. There are, of course, minor issues, but those are ones that can often be overcome by making the right choices for you. For instance, one of the biggest criticism of Ubuntu was the Unity desktop environment, which has been removed as of version 17.10 in favor of Gnome, but the current LTS version of Ubuntu, 16.04, still uses Unity. That said, if you want the current LTS version and don’t want Unity, you can download KUbuntu, or Ubuntu Gnome, or LUbuntu, or Ubuntu Mate, etc.
Some of the minor problems, you may consider major problems, but you probably won’t be able to know what those are exactly until you’ve used Ubuntu as your daily OS for a while. So, download a version, setup a dual boot system with Windows or your current Linux distribution, and then play around with it. See what you like and what you don’t. Once you know what you don’t like, look into whether those things can be “fixed” and whether you’re willing to put in that effort.
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